CJ at 2011-10-27 15:06:46:
I think a central theme is how humans respond when they're removed from society's strictures and oversight and have to provide order for themselves, especially when faced with a life-or-death crisis. There's a lot of arguing about who's doing what, who should make decisions, even who should die. At one point, McReady pretty much murders a non-Thing human with the magnum and it barely registers, with only one character making a snide remark about it. No one threatens to drag him into court later or anything because they all know that they're on their own.
There's also the them of trust vs. paranoia. How do you know you can trust someone? Can we ever trust anyone, or is there a monster inside everyone that will try to take advantage of someone else when they're weak or the opportunity is right? What happens when healthy distrust turns to rampant paranoia (You might murder an innocent person, for one thing).
Another theme (which occurred to me while writing the first theme) is "survival of the fittest" or "man vs. beast/nature (of a sort)" which includes the Thing in the competition. The weather is also a factor here. Which species will prevail with no outside help or interference? With the isolated locale, it's almost like a sealed gladitorial arena where one species will survive; winner take all.
Finally, there's the theme of the unknown, or unknowable. The Thing is so alien, so monstrous, the mind just freezes up when confronted with it in all its protean, Lovecraftian glory. We don't know about the Thing's background, why it does what it does or what it's goals are. We can speculate, but in the end it's just speculation. It seems to want to make a break for the coast in the guise of the sled dogs, but then it's also found building some kind of airship or starship, so maybe it just wants to leave. The men are plunked in the middle of a nightmarish crisis and need to piece things together as they go.